In 1947, in response to the clinical trials carried out on prisoners and deportees by the Nazis during WWII, the World Medical Association promulgated, in addition to the existing Nuremberg Code, a list of ethical rules which were adopted by large international institutions.
In 1964, the Helsinksi Declaration specified the deontological and ethical aspects of human experiments of drugs and therapies.
In France, the 20 December 1988 law , named the Huriet-Serusclat Law, relating to the protection of persons lending themselves to biomedical research, has established, in theory, the limits of human experiments, cases of exclusions, the notion of free and enlightened will of the person, the ban of remuneration/compensation, and the designation of the people in charge of carrying out these provisions.
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Clinical Regulation 
